NR-013
Ingredient Atlas entry · Compound
CoQ10
Coenzyme Q10, a compound the body makes itself, sold as ubiquinone or ubiquinol
A compound found in the body's own cells, also sold as a supplement in two forms, ubiquinone and ubiquinol. It is studied mostly for the heart and circulation, blood sugar and fats, exercise and tiredness, and fertility, often in people with a long-term condition. Here is every study in people we could find, sorted from each study's summary.
- Also called: coenzyme Q10, ubiquinone
- Most tested: 200 mg a day
- Mostly taken daily for weeks or months
The research map
From every paper to the studies that matter
Most papers on CoQ10 are about the body's own CoQ10, rare inherited conditions where the body can't make enough, or lab and animal work. Only a small share tests taking it in people, and that is what this page is about.
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21,618 papers mention CoQ10.Every record in PubMed, all years
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1,683 are about people.The rest: 8,056 lab and animal studies, 2,380 reviews, 9,499 on chemistry, farming and more
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675 give CoQ10 on its own.301 more test it with other ingredients or inside a blend
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285 are randomised against a placebo.Randomised controlled trials In a randomised controlled trial, people are put into groups by chance, one taking the treatment and one a placebo or other comparison. Chance spreads differences such as age and health evenly, so a difference between the groups is more likely to be down to the treatment., the strongest kind of study
Bar lengths use a square-root scale so the small numbers stay visible.
At a glance
How much research there is
- 675 studies giving CoQ10 to people
- 285 of them randomised against a placebo A placebo-controlled trial compares a real treatment with a dummy that looks the same, the placebo. People often feel better when they expect to, so comparing against a placebo shows how much of the change comes from the treatment itself.
- 38,617 people taking part, where studies say
- 280 systematic reviews A systematic review searches for every study on a question in a set, written-down way, judges the quality of each and sums up what they show together. Many include a meta-analysis. The Atlas lists these as pooled reviews. pooling the trials
Studies in people, by year published
CoQ10 on its own, as ubiquinone or ubiquinol.
Randomised, placebo-controlled
Other designs
What was measured
What the studies looked at
Each study can measure several things. Choose a topic to see its studies in the list below.
Studies in people with a diagnosed condition are counted here and listed with their population. We describe what they measured, not what they might treat. Most studies also report safety; see below.
Doses and extracts
What was tested, and how much
CoQ10 is a single compound, so milligrams compare from one study to the next, but studies used different forms and capsules, including ubiquinol and products made to absorb better, so the same dose may not reach the same level in the blood. Most summaries don't name the form. Most studies gave it by mouth every day for weeks or months, and a few put it on the skin.
Daily amount, one dot per study
Summary read302 studies don't give a daily amount in their summary and aren't shown.
Studies per extract
Named extracts are the maker's brand. "Not named" means the study didn't say.
Every study
All studies in people
Filter the list, then open a study on PubMed. Each row comes from the study's published summary.
| Study | Who took part | People | Extract and daily dose | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Higazy 2026RCT, placebo | Men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia | 200 | Not named | – |
| D'Adamo 2026RCT, placebo | Healthy adults | 150 | Not named | 8 weeks |
| Nankivell 2026RCT, placebo | Older adults 60 and over | 111 | Ubiquinol, 200 mg | 13 weeks |
| Abdelrahman 2026RCT, active or other control | Women with poor ovarian response | 100 | Not named | – |
| Eladly 2026RCT, active or other control | Adults with sepsis in ICU | 90 | Not named, 210 mg | 4 weeks |
| Sharif 2026RCT, placebo | Diabetic retinopathy patients | 74 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Hassoub 2026RCT, active or other control | Breast cancer patients on paclitaxel | 60 | Not named | 12 weeks |
| Elsherif 2026RCT, placebo | Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis | 58 | Not named, 100 mg | 13 weeks |
| Acton 2026RCT, placebo | Healthy recreationally active males | 54 | Ubiquinol, 300 mg | 6 weeks |
| Sinha 2026RCT, active or other control | Chronic periodontitis patients | 50 | Not namedOn the skin | 4 weeks |
| Fekri 2026Single-arm or open-label | Transfusion-dependent thalassemia major patients | 48 | Not named, 100 mg | 8 weeks |
| Thar 2026Crossover, placebo | Normal and overweight young adult males | 42 | Not named | – |
| Dehghan Haghighi 2026Crossover, placebo | Printing workers exposed to solvents | 42 | Not named, 120 mg | 8 weeks |
| Schmücker 2026RCT, placebo | Older community-dwelling adults | 40 | Not named | 12 weeks |
| Alsinani 2026RCT, placebo | Adolescent male soccer players | 24 | Not named, 300 mg | 2 weeks |
| Leaovitavat 2026RCT, placebo | Prediabetic adults | 20 | Ubiquinol, 100 mg | 12 weeks |
| Avila 2026Pharmacokinetic | Healthy volunteers | 18 | CoQ10 emulgel, 1,000 mg | 2 weeks |
| Mei 2026Pharmacokinetic | Healthy adults | 12 | Cocrystal ubiquinol | – |
| Chico 2026Single-arm or open-label | Adults with mitochondrial disease | 10 | Not named | – |
| Watanabe 2026Single-arm or open-label | Patients with primary CoQ10 deficiency | 6 | Not named | – |
| Jayan 2026Single-arm or open-label | Patients with primary CoQ10 deficiency | 2 | Not named | 13 weeks |
| Takle 2026Observational | Children with new daily persistent headache | – | Not named | – |
| Amalraj 2026Pharmacokinetic | Healthy volunteers | – | Liposomal MCQ (Metazome) | – |
| Nagano 2026Observational | Patients with CoQ10 nephropathy | – | Not named | – |
| Hou 2025Non-randomised controlled | Women with polycystic ovary syndrome | 381 | Not named, 150 mg | – |
| Bodea 2025RCT, placebo | Heart failure patients | 120 | Not named, 120 mg | 26 weeks |
| Zeeshan 2025Observational | Long-term statin users with muscle symptoms | 106 | Not named, 100 mg | – |
| Güvenç 2025Observational | Patients with pseudophakic corneal edema | 88 | Not named | – |
| Kinoshita 2025Single-arm or open-label | Female healthcare workers | 86 | Ubiquinol, 150 mg | – |
| Vučemilović 2025RCT, placebo | Adults undergoing cardiac surgery | 73 | Ubiquinone | – |
| Nejati 2025RCT, placebo | Patients after wisdom tooth extraction | 70 | Not named | 2 weeks |
| Abuzaid 2025Non-randomised controlled | Children with lysosomal storage disorders | 60 | Not named | – |
| Abbasi 2025RCT, placebo | Presbycusis patients with tinnitus | 50 | Not named, 100 mg | – |
| Lv 2025RCT, placebo | Healthy volunteers at high altitude | 41 | Ubiquinol | – |
| Bagheri 2025RCT, placebo | Older adults doing HIIT | 38 | Not named | 8 weeks |
| Buranasin 2025RCT, active or other control | Dental students | 30 | Not namedOn the skin | 1 weeks |
| Ahmadi 2025Crossover, placebo | Chronic kidney disease patients | 25 | Not named, 1,200 mg | 6 weeks |
| Jäger 2025Crossover, placebo | Healthy adults | 18 | Liposomal CoQ10 | – |
| Rahimi 2025RCT, placebo | Professional soccer players | 16 | Not named | 4 weeks |
| Frehat 2025Single-arm or open-label | Children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome | 3 | Not named | – |
| Wongkittichote 2025Single-arm or open-label | Siblings with COQ5 CoQ10 deficiency | 2 | Not named | – |
| Micaraseth 2025RCT, placebo | Women undergoing hysterectomy | – | Not named, 300 mg | 2 weeks |
| Mojaver 2025RCT, placebo | Acute ischemic stroke patients | – | Not named, 600 mg | 4 weeks |
| Avila 2025Pharmacokinetic | CoQ10-deficient patients with dysphagia | – | Not named, 1,000 mg | 2 weeks |
| Fratter 2025Pharmacokinetic | Healthy volunteers | – | LiBADDS | – |
| Subbiah 2025Single-arm or open-label | Advanced solid tumour patients | – | BPM31510IV | – |
| Greenlee 2025Crossover, placebo | Women with breast cancer on doxorubicin | – | Not named, 300 mg | – |
| Masoumi 2025RCT, active or other control | Cancer patients on cisplatin | – | Ubiquinone, 300 mg | 8 weeks |
| Pan 2024RCT, active or other control | Patients with myocardial infarction after PCI | 120 | Not named | 12 weeks |
| Karbasi 2024RCT, placebo | Diabetic patients receiving contrast media | 118 | Not named, 120 mg | 1 weeks |
| Farahmand 2024RCT, active or other control | Chronic periodontitis patients | 75 | Not named | – |
| Majmasanaye 2024RCT, placebo | Adults with moderate-severe depression | 69 | Not named, 200 mg | 8 weeks |
| Kiani 2024RCT, placebo | Adults with burn injury | 60 | Not named, 300 mg | 1 weeks |
| Vrentzos 2024RCT, placebo | Adults with MASLD | 60 | Not named, 240 mg | 26 weeks |
| Liu 2024RCT, placebo | Healthy adults at high altitude | 41 | Ubiquinol, 200 mg | – |
| Ahmadi Asouri 2024RCT, placebo | Infertile women with PCOS, IVF candidates | 40 | Not named | 8 weeks |
| Stähli 2024RCT, placebo | Adults after gingival recession surgery | 30 | Not namedOn the skin | 3 weeks |
| Mieszkowski 2024RCT, placebo | Healthy young men, exercise test | 28 | Not named | 3 weeks |
| Ahmadi 2024Crossover, placebo | Adults with moderate-severe CKD | 25 | Not named, 1,200 mg | – |
| Wahedi 2024Observational | Children with CoQ10 biosynthesis disorders | 14 | Not named | – |
| Zhang 2024Single-arm or open-label | Children with COQ8B glomerulopathy | 4 | Not named | – |
| Tsalouchidou 2024Single-arm or open-label | Adults with COQ8A deficiency, status epilepticus | 3 | Not named | – |
| Cascajo-Almenara 2024Single-arm or open-label | Patients with GEMIN5 CoQ10 deficiency | 2 | Not named | – |
| Fogacci 2024RCT, placebo | Older adults with statin-associated asthenia | – | CoQ10 phytosome (Ubiqsome), 60 mg | 8 weeks |
| Ahmadimoghaddam 2023RCT, placebo | Patients with STEMI undergoing PCI | 150 | Not named, 400 mg | 0 weeks |
| Mitsui 2023RCT, placebo | Patients with multiple system atrophy | 139 | Ubiquinol, 1,500 mg | 48 weeks |
| Hansen 2023Crossover, placebo | Post COVID-19 condition patients | 121 | Not named, 500 mg | 6 weeks |
| Moreno-Fernandez 2023RCT, placebo | Healthy well-trained men, firemen | 100 | Ubiquinol | – |
| Al-Hammadi 2023RCT, placebo | Women with HER2+ breast cancer on trastuzumab | 100 | Not named | 52 weeks |
| Elsharkawy 2023RCT, active or other control | Patients with aluminum phosphide poisoning | 84 | Not named, 1,200 mg | – |
| Dahri 2023RCT, placebo | Women with episodic migraine | 84 | Not named, 400 mg | 12 weeks |
| Yazdi 2023RCT, placebo | Patients with STEMI undergoing PCI | 70 | Not named, 400 mg | 0 weeks |
| Gharakhani Bahar 2023RCT, placebo | Infertile men | 60 | Not named, 100 mg | 12 weeks |
| Kucharska 2023Non-randomised controlled | Patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome | 36 | Ubiquinol, 200 mg | 2 weeks |
| Abdelsamie 2023RCT, active or other control | Patients with symptomatic oral lichen planus | 34 | Not namedOn the skin | 4 weeks |
| Hossein Haghighi 2023RCT, placebo | Patients with multiple sclerosis | 28 | Not named, 200 mg | 8 weeks |
| Ahmadi 2023Crossover, placebo | Adults with CKD | 25 | Not named, 1,200 mg | 6 weeks |
| Marcheggiani 2023Pharmacokinetic | Healthy volunteers | 8 | CoQ10 phytosome (UBQ), 100 mg | 2 weeks |
| Safarinejad 2023RCT, placebo | Men with idiopathic infertility | – | Ubiquinol | – |
| 2023RCT, placebo | Women with PCOS | – | Not named | – |
| Qi 2022Non-randomised controlled | Poor ovarian response IVF patients | 330 | Not named | – |
| Pierce 2022RCT, placebo | Adults with HFpEF | 216 | Ubiquinol, 600 mg | 12 weeks |
| Alahmar 2022Single-arm or open-label | Infertile men, idiopathic oligoasthenospermia | 178 | Not named, 200 mg | 26 weeks |
| Izhar 2022RCT, active or other control | Clomiphene-resistant PCOS women | 149 | Not named | – |
| Alahmar 2022RCT, active or other control | Infertile men, idiopathic oligoasthenospermia | 130 | Not named, 200 mg | 13 weeks |
| Drovandi 2022Non-randomised controlled | Primary CoQ10 deficiency with nephrotic syndrome | 116 | Not named | 104 weeks |
| Amini 2022RCT, placebo | Painful diabetic neuropathy patients on pregabalin | 112 | Not named, 300 mg | 8 weeks |
| Zhang 2022RCT, placebo | Dyslipidemic adults | 101 | Not named, 120 mg | 24 weeks |
| Zou 2022RCT, placebo | Adults with dyslipidemia | 101 | Not named, 120 mg | 24 weeks |
| Takahashi 2022Other | Women and men on long-term ubiquinol, SNP analysis | 92 | Ubiquinol | 52 weeks |
| Sangouni 2022RCT, placebo | Adults with metabolic syndrome | 88 | Not named | 12 weeks |
| Alahmar 2022Non-randomised controlled | Infertile men, idiopathic oligoasthenospermia | 85 | Not named, 300 mg | 13 weeks |
| Yaghini 2022RCT, active or other control | Children with migraine | 72 | Not named | 12 weeks |
| Gamal 2022RCT, placebo | Children with ADHD not responding to atomoxetine | 60 | Ubiquinol | 26 weeks |
| Karamali 2022RCT, placebo | Women with PCOS | 55 | Not named, 100 mg | 12 weeks |
| Leurcharusmee 2022Non-randomised controlled | Patients undergoing knee arthroplasty | 44 | Not named, 300 mg | 4 weeks |
| Ghasemi 2022RCT, placebo | Controlled diabetics with chronic periodontitis | 42 | Not named | 4 weeks |
| Samuel 2022RCT, placebo | Elderly HFpEF patients | 39 | Not named | 17 weeks |
| Dohlmann 2022RCT, placebo | Statin-treated patients with or without myalgia | 37 | Not named, 400 mg | 8 weeks |
| Sumbalová 2022Non-randomised controlled | Post COVID-19 syndrome patients in spa rehabilitation | 36 | Ubiquinol, 200 mg | 4 weeks |
| Beaulieu 2022Crossover, placebo | Healthy men and women | 30 | Not named, 200 mg | – |
| Kuhlman 2022RCT, placebo | Dyslipidaemic adults on simvastatin training | 26 | Not named, 400 mg | 8 weeks |
| Zozina 2022Non-randomised controlled | Ischemic heart disease and hypertension patients | 26 | Not named | – |
| Al-Oudah 2022RCT, placebo | Psoriasis patients on adalimumab | 24 | Not named, 100 mg | 12 weeks |
| Cicero 2022Crossover, placebo | Healthy young nonsmokers | 20 | CoQ10 phytosome | – |
| Ghanem 2022RCT, active or other control | Type II diabetics after tooth extraction | 18 | CoQ10/collagen hydrogel | 13 weeks |
| Nam 2022Observational | Children with COQ6 variants | 12 | Not named | – |
| Stanescu 2022Single-arm or open-label | Children with propionic acidaemia | 7 | Ubiquinol | 26 weeks |
| Prasuhn 2022Single-arm or open-label | COQ8A ataxia patients | 2 | Not named | – |
| Judy 2022Pharmacokinetic | Healthy adults | – | Crystal Free CoQ10 | – |
| Carney 2022Other | Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, CoQ10 deficiency | – | Not named | – |
| Kuriyama 2022RCT, placebo | Burn patients | – | Ubiquinol-10, 1,800 mg | – |
| Shah 2021RCT, active or other control | Hypertensive patients at risk of myocardial infarction | 892 | Not named, 100 mg | 52 weeks |
| Aguilera-Alvarez 2021RCT, active or other control | Hypertensive men with erectile dysfunction | 230 | Not named, 200 mg | 13 weeks |
| Alahmar 2021Non-randomised controlled | Infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia | 105 | Not named, 200 mg | 13 weeks |
| Parohan 2021RCT, placebo | Episodic migraine patients | 100 | Not named, 300 mg | 8 weeks |
| Alahmar 2021Single-arm or open-label | Men with idiopathic OAT and fertile controls | 100 | Not named, 200 mg | 13 weeks |
| Farsi 2021RCT, placebo | Mild to moderate ulcerative colitis patients | 88 | Not named, 200 mg | 8 weeks |
| Maguire 2021RCT, placebo | Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients | 72 | Not named, 300 mg | 24 weeks |
| Alahmar 2021RCT, active or other control | Men with idiopathic infertility (OAT) | 70 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| García-Carpintero 2021RCT, placebo | Patients with mild cognitive impairment | 69 | Ubiquinol, 200 mg | 52 weeks |
| Serag 2021RCT, active or other control | Children with type 1 diabetes | 49 | Not named, 100 mg | 12 weeks |
| Taghizadeh 2021RCT, placebo | Overweight/obese women with PCOS | 43 | Not named, 200 mg | 8 weeks |
| Holmberg 2021RCT, placebo | Post-cardiac arrest patients | 43 | Ubiquinol, 600 mg | 1 weeks |
| Hasanloei 2021RCT, placebo | Mechanically ventilated trauma ICU patients | 40 | Not named, 400 mg | 1 weeks |
| Suzuki 2021RCT, placebo | Male collegiate distance runners | 16 | Ubiquinol-10, 300 mg | 2 weeks |
| Castejón-Vega 2021Other | Papillon-Lefevre patient, topical CoQ10 cream | 1 | Not namedOn the skin | – |
| Takahashi 2021Other | Women and men on long-term CoQ10 | – | Not named, 150 mg | 52 weeks |
| El-Zaafarany 2021Other | Androgenic alopecia patients | – | CoQ10 transethosomesOn the skin | – |
| Khan 2020RCT, placebo | Patients before elective vascular surgery | 123 | Not named, 400 mg | 0 weeks |
| Diaz-Castro 2020RCT, placebo | Healthy trained firemen | 100 | Ubiquinol | – |
| Diaz-Castro 2020RCT, placebo | Healthy trained firemen | 100 | Ubiquinol, 200 mg | 2 weeks |
| Karakahya 2020RCT, active or other control | Alzheimer's patients and healthy controls | 93 | Not namedOn the skin | – |
| Darwish 2020Non-randomised controlled | Acute aluminum phosphide poisoning patients | 90 | Not named, 400 mg | – |
| Mizuno 2020RCT, placebo | Healthy adults with mild fatigue | 62 | Ubiquinol, 150 mg | 12 weeks |
| Ramezani 2020RCT, placebo | Acute ischemic stroke patients | 60 | Not named, 300 mg | 4 weeks |
| Sabbatinelli 2020RCT, placebo | Adults with mild-moderate dyslipidemia | 51 | Ubiquinol, 200 mg | 8 weeks |
| Orlando 2020RCT, placebo | Elderly patients undergoing aortic valve replacement | 50 | Ubiquinol, 400 mg | 2 weeks |
| Biuomy 2020Non-randomised controlled | Women living at high altitude vs sea level | 50 | Not named, 150 mg | 8 weeks |
| Soltani 2020RCT, active or other control | Patients with early sepsis | 40 | Not named, 200 mg | 1 weeks |
| Emami 2020RCT, active or other control | Elite male swimmers | 36 | Not named | 2 weeks |
| Martínez-Lara 2020Single-arm or open-label | Fibromyalgia patients | 33 | Not named | – |
| Ho 2020RCT, placebo | Well-trained college athletes | 31 | Ubiquinone, 300 mg | 12 weeks |
| Hosseini 2020RCT, placebo | Breast cancer patients on tamoxifen | 30 | Not named, 100 mg | 8 weeks |
| Chug 2020RCT, placebo | Periodontitis patients | 30 | Not namedOn the skin | 52 weeks |
| Pravst 2020Pharmacokinetic | Healthy older adults | 21 | Q10Vital, 100 mg | – |
| Pham 2020RCT, active or other control | Healthy middle-aged men | 20 | Not named, 200 mg | 6 weeks |
| Pranam 2020Non-randomised controlled | Chronic periodontitis patients (split-mouth) | 16 | Not namedOn the skin | 13 weeks |
| Di Pierro 2020Single-arm or open-label | Healthy adult volunteers | 15 | Not named, 300 mg | 4 weeks |
| Kawashima 2020Crossover, placebo | Patients with heart failure, reduced ejection fraction | 14 | Ubiquinol, 400 mg | 12 weeks |
| Takahashi 2020Pharmacokinetic | Healthy adult volunteers | 13 | P30 | – |
| Odo 2020RCT, active or other control | Healthy adults, acute exercise | 11 | Not named, 30 mg | – |
| Paredes-Fuentes 2020Single-arm or open-label | Healthy male runners | 11 | Not named | 4 weeks |
| Shaheen 2020Non-randomised controlled | Moderate periodontitis patients | – | CoQ10 nanomicelle gelOn the skin | – |
| Ehrenhaus Masotta 2020Pharmacokinetic | Healthy adults | – | Oleogel formulation, 1,000 mg | 2 weeks |
| Langsjoen 2019Single-arm or open-label | Heart failure patients on long-term statins | 142 | Not named, 300 mg | 146 weeks |
| Jahangard 2019RCT, placebo | Bipolar depression patients | 89 | Not named, 200 mg | 8 weeks |
| Izadi 2019RCT, placebo | Women with polycystic ovary syndrome | 86 | Not named | 8 weeks |
| Izadi 2019RCT, placebo | Women with polycystic ovary syndrome | 86 | Not named | 8 weeks |
| Al-Kuraishy 2019Non-randomised controlled | Type 2 diabetes patients and healthy controls | 84 | Not named, 300 mg | 8 weeks |
| Gholami 2019RCT, placebo | Women with type 2 diabetes | 80 | Not named, 100 mg | 12 weeks |
| Alahmar 2019Single-arm or open-label | Men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia | 65 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Fallah 2019RCT, placebo | Diabetic hemodialysis patients | 60 | Not named, 120 mg | 12 weeks |
| Moccia 2019Single-arm or open-label | Relapsing-remitting MS patients on interferon | 60 | Not named | 12 weeks |
| Moccia 2019Single-arm or open-label | Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients | 60 | Not named | 12 weeks |
| Derosa 2019RCT, placebo | Dyslipidemic patients with statin-related symptoms | 60 | Liquid CoQ10, 100 mg | 12 weeks |
| Zahrooni 2019RCT, placebo | Breast cancer patients and healthy women | 59 | Not named, 100 mg | 8 weeks |
| Nachvak 2019RCT, placebo | Patients with rheumatoid arthritis | 54 | Not named, 100 mg | 8 weeks |
| Dahri 2019RCT, placebo | Women with episodic migraine | 45 | Not named, 400 mg | 13 weeks |
| Suzuki 2019RCT, placebo | Patients with functional bowel symptoms | 41 | Ubiquinol, 150 mg | 12 weeks |
| Raut 2019RCT, active or other control | Smokers with chronic periodontitis | 40 | Not namedOn the skin | 12 weeks |
| Kuhlman 2019RCT, placebo | Simvastatin-treated men and women | 35 | Not named, 400 mg | 8 weeks |
| Hansen 2019RCT, placebo | Simvastatin-treated adults with hypercholesterolemia | 35 | Not named, 400 mg | 8 weeks |
| Sobirin 2019RCT, active or other control | Patients with HFpEF | 30 | Not named, 300 mg | 4 weeks |
| Trushina 2019Non-randomised controlled | Junior swimmers aged 14-18 | 30 | Not named, 60 mg | 4 weeks |
| Martucci 2019Pharmacokinetic | Healthy adults | 24 | COQUN, 100 mg | 4 weeks |
| López-Lluch 2019Pharmacokinetic | Healthy young adults | 14 | Not named, 100 mg | – |
| Sawaddiruk 2019Crossover, placebo | Pregabalin-treated fibromyalgia patients | 11 | Not named | 11 weeks |
| Atmaca 2019Single-arm or open-label | Children with ADCK4 mutations | 8 | Not named | 110 weeks |
| Schirinzi 2019Single-arm or open-label | ARCA2 ataxia patients | 4 | Not named | 52 weeks |
| Koyun 2019Single-arm or open-label | Two sisters with CoQ6 mutations | 2 | Not named | – |
| Lu 2019Single-arm or open-label | Infant with COQ4 Leigh syndrome | 1 | Not named | – |
| Hormozi 2019Crossover, placebo | Glazers with occupational cadmium exposure | – | Not named | – |
| Mortensen 2019RCT, placebo | European patients with chronic heart failure | – | Not named, 300 mg | 104 weeks |
| Petrangolini 2019Pharmacokinetic | Healthy volunteers | – | CoQ10 phytosome | 2 weeks |
| Ya 2019RCT, placebo | Dyslipidemic patients | – | Not named | 24 weeks |
| Cheng 2018RCT, placebo | Men with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia | 262 | Not named, 60 mg | 13 weeks |
| Xu 2018RCT, active or other control | Young women with poor ovarian reserve undergoing IVF | 186 | Not named | 9 weeks |
| Zhang 2018RCT, placebo | Dyslipidemic adults | 101 | Not named, 120 mg | 24 weeks |
| Mousavinejad 2018RCT, active or other control | Children with autism spectrum disorder | 90 | Not named, 60 mg | 14 weeks |
| Barden 2018RCT, placebo | Chronic kidney disease patients | 85 | Not named, 200 mg | 8 weeks |
| Yoo 2018RCT, placebo | Korean adults with prediabetes | 80 | Not named | 8 weeks |
| Mehrpooya 2018RCT, placebo | Bipolar depression patients | 69 | Not named, 200 mg | 8 weeks |
| Gholami 2018RCT, placebo | Women with type 2 diabetes | 68 | Not named, 100 mg | 12 weeks |
| Zarei 2018RCT, placebo | Women with type 2 diabetes | 68 | Not named, 100 mg | 12 weeks |
| Fallah 2018RCT, placebo | Diabetic hemodialysis patients | 60 | Not named, 120 mg | 12 weeks |
| Singh 2018RCT, placebo | Patients after acute myocardial infarction | 55 | Not named, 120 mg | 24 weeks |
| Yen 2018RCT, placebo | Adults with type 2 diabetes | 50 | Liquid ubiquinol, 100 mg | 12 weeks |
| Heidari 2018RCT, placebo | Diabetic nephropathy patients | 40 | Not named, 100 mg | 12 weeks |
| Emami 2018RCT, active or other control | Elite adolescent male swimmers | 36 | Not named, 300 mg | 2 weeks |
| Emami 2018RCT, active or other control | Elite male swimmers | 36 | Not named | 2 weeks |
| Emami 2018RCT, active or other control | Elite adolescent male swimmers | 36 | Not named | 2 weeks |
| Okudan 2018RCT, placebo | Sedentary healthy young men | 21 | Not named, 200 mg | 4 weeks |
| Orlando 2018Crossover, placebo | Young male athletes | 21 | Not named, 200 mg | 4 weeks |
| Lopez-Moreno 2018RCT, active or other control | Healthy elderly men and women | 20 | Not named | 4 weeks |
| Giannubilo 2018Non-randomised controlled | Women undergoing IVF-ET | 15 | Not named, 200 mg | – |
| Vitetta 2018Pharmacokinetic | Healthy adults | 11 | Not named | 6 weeks |
| Zhang 2018RCT, active or other control | Older men | 10 | Ubiquinol, 200 mg | 2 weeks |
| Chen 2018Single-arm or open-label | Children with dilated cardiomyopathy | 10 | Liquid ubiquinol | 24 weeks |
| Rembold 2018Single-arm or open-label | Orthostatic hypotension patients, some with multiple-system atrophy | 7 | Not named, 257 mg | 44 weeks |
| Eroglu 2018Single-arm or open-label | Infants with COQ2 mutation CoQ10 deficiency | 4 | Not named | – |
| Khuankaew 2018RCT, placebo | Carbamazepine-treated trigeminal neuralgia patients | – | Not named | 9 weeks |
| Larsen 2018Other | Children with Down syndrome | – | Not named | 208 weeks |
| McGarry 2017RCT, placebo | Early-stage Huntington disease patients | 609 | Not named, 2,400 mg | 260 weeks |
| Shoeibi 2017Non-randomised controlled | Adults with migraine on preventive drugs | 80 | Not named, 100 mg | – |
| Rivara 2017RCT, placebo | Hemodialysis patients | 80 | Not named, 1,200 mg | 17 weeks |
| Mehrdadi 2017RCT, placebo | Overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes | 64 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Pérez-Sánchez 2017Crossover, placebo | Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome | 36 | Not named, 200 mg | 4 weeks |
| Žmitek 2017RCT, placebo | Healthy adults | 33 | Q10Vital, 150 mg | 12 weeks |
| Wagemaker 2017Other | Healthy Japanese volunteers, irritated skin | 25 | Not namedOn the skin | – |
| Salehi 2017RCT, placebo | Children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy | 25 | Not named | 26 weeks |
| Di Pierro 2017RCT, active or other control | Women with fibromyalgia | 22 | DDM Chinone, 400 mg | – |
| Atmaca 2017Single-arm or open-label | Patients with ADCK4 mutations and proteinuria | 8 | Not named | 50 weeks |
| Martinefski 2017Pharmacokinetic | Healthy adults | 6 | Not named, 250 mg | 1 weeks |
| Garone 2017Single-arm or open-label | Boy with SUCLA2 mutation | 1 | Not named, 2,000 mg | – |
| Mitsui 2017Single-arm or open-label | Patient with multiple system atrophy, COQ2 mutations | 1 | Ubiquinol | 156 weeks |
| Alcocer-Gómez 2017Other | Fibromyalgia patients | – | Not named | – |
| van Diemen 2017RCT, placebo | Healthy subjects given simvastatin | – | Not named, 300 mg | 4 weeks |
| Fischer 2016Observational | Large cohort plus small ubiquinol intervention | 1,319 | Not named, 150 mg | 2 weeks |
| Cicero 2016Observational | Statin-intolerant patients on ezetimibe, retrospective audit | 252 | CoQ10 nanoemulsion, 200 mg | – |
| Shao 2016RCT, active or other control | Patients with acute viral myocarditis | 124 | Not named | – |
| Sarmiento 2016RCT, placebo | Healthy trained adults | 100 | Not named | 2 weeks |
| Aslanabadi 2016RCT, active or other control | Patients scheduled for elective PCI | 100 | Not named, 300 mg | – |
| Mas 2016RCT, placebo | Chronic kidney disease patients | 85 | Not named, 200 mg | 8 weeks |
| Barden 2016RCT, placebo | Chronic kidney disease patients | 85 | Not named, 200 mg | 8 weeks |
| Moludi 2016RCT, placebo | Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery | 80 | Not named, 150 mg | 1 weeks |
| Apetauerova 2016RCT, placebo | Progressive supranuclear palsy patients | 61 | Not named, 2,400 mg | 52 weeks |
| Rodríguez-Carrizalez 2016RCT, placebo | Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients | 60 | Not named | 26 weeks |
| Raygan 2016RCT, placebo | Metabolic syndrome with diabetes and CHD | 60 | Not named, 100 mg | 8 weeks |
| Mirhashemi 2016RCT, placebo | Diabetic patients with stable coronary heart disease | 60 | Not named, 100 mg | 8 weeks |
| Thakur 2016Single-arm or open-label | Women with amenorrhea | 50 | Ubiquinol, 150 mg | 17 weeks |
| Cannistrà 2016Non-randomised controlled | Elderly with liver cancer resection on statins | 45 | Not named | – |
| Fukuda 2016RCT, placebo | Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | 43 | Not named, 150 mg | 12 weeks |
| Farsi 2016RCT, placebo | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients | 41 | Not named, 100 mg | 12 weeks |
| Liu 2016RCT, placebo | Hepatocellular carcinoma patients after surgery | 41 | Not named, 300 mg | 12 weeks |
| Zahed 2016Crossover, placebo | Hemodialysis patients | 34 | Not named, 100 mg | 13 weeks |
| Gokbel 2016Crossover, placebo | Hemodialysis patients | 28 | Not named, 200 mg | – |
| Sharma 2016RCT, active or other control | Adults with chronic periodontitis | 24 | Not namedOn the skin | 6 weeks |
| Buettner 2016RCT, placebo | Adults taking statins | 21 | Not named | 4 weeks |
| Raut 2016Non-randomised controlled | Chronic periodontitis patients | 15 | Perio QOn the skin | – |
| Sanoobar 2016RCT, placebo | Multiple sclerosis patients | – | Not named, 500 mg | 12 weeks |
| Rodríguez-Carrizalez 2016RCT, placebo | Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients | – | Not named | – |
| Pek 2016RCT, placebo | Patients on simvastatin | – | Not named | 12 weeks |
| Al-Gareeb 2015RCT, placebo | Healthy medical students | 160 | Not named, 120 mg | – |
| Peel 2015RCT, placebo | Polio survivors with fatigue | 103 | Not named, 100 mg | 9 weeks |
| Zhao 2015RCT, active or other control | Heart failure patients | 102 | Not named | 52 weeks |
| Rahmani 2015RCT, placebo | H. pylori chronic gastritis patients | 100 | Not named | – |
| Barden 2015RCT, placebo | Chronic kidney disease patients | 85 | Not named, 200 mg | 8 weeks |
| Hosseinzadeh-Attar 2015RCT, placebo | Type 2 diabetes patients | 64 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Thakur 2015Single-arm or open-label | Infertile men, oligoasthenozoospermia | 60 | Ubiquinol, 150 mg | 26 weeks |
| Bagheri Nesami 2015RCT, placebo | Mildly hypertensive patients | 60 | Not named, 100 mg | 12 weeks |
| Moazen 2015RCT, placebo | Type 2 diabetes patients | 52 | Not named, 200 mg | 8 weeks |
| Mohseni 2015RCT, placebo | Hyperlipidemic myocardial infarction patients | 52 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Sanoobar 2015RCT, placebo | Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients | 48 | Not named, 500 mg | 12 weeks |
| Yoritaka 2015RCT, placebo | Japanese Parkinson disease patients | 48 | Ubiquinol-10, 300 mg | 48 weeks |
| Abdollahzad 2015RCT, placebo | Rheumatoid arthritis patients | 44 | Not named, 100 mg | 8 weeks |
| Taylor 2015RCT, placebo | Statin myalgia patients | 41 | Ubiquinol, 600 mg | 8 weeks |
| Donnino 2015RCT, placebo | Severe sepsis or septic shock adults | 38 | Not named, 400 mg | 1 weeks |
| Kizaki 2015RCT, placebo | Young male kendo athletes | 32 | Kaneka QH, 600 mg | 2 weeks |
| Manthena 2015RCT, placebo | Periodontitis patients after scaling | 30 | Not named | 12 weeks |
| Ito 2015Crossover, placebo | Healthy young women | 28 | Reduced CoQ10, 100 mg | 2 weeks |
| Yan 2015Crossover, placebo | Healthy volunteers | 20 | Not named, 200 mg | 1 weeks |
| Yeung 2015Single-arm or open-label | Hemodialysis patients | 20 | Not named, 1,800 mg | – |
| Shimizu 2015RCT, placebo | Elite male kendo athletes | 18 | Not named, 300 mg | 3 weeks |
| Armanfar 2015RCT, placebo | Male middle-distance runners | 18 | Not named | 2 weeks |
| Silvestri 2015Other | Healthy adults | 16 | Not named, 200 mg | 2 weeks |
| Chen 2015Other | Leigh syndrome patient | 1 | Not named | 52 weeks |
| Wang 2015Single-arm or open-label | Patient with statin rhabdomyolysis | 1 | Not named | – |
| Okeahialam 2015Single-arm or open-label | Woman with statin memory problems | 1 | Not named | – |
| Forester 2015Single-arm or open-label | Geriatric bipolar depression patients | – | Not named | – |
| Knott 2015Other | Healthy volunteers, skin | – | Not namedOn the skin | – |
| Montano 2015Single-arm or open-label | Type 1 and 2 diabetes patients | – | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Dalla Volta 2015Single-arm or open-label | Adults with episodic migraine without aura | – | Not named | – |
| Beal 2014RCT, placebo | Early Parkinson disease patients | 600 | Not named, 1,200 mg | 70 weeks |
| Mortensen 2014RCT, placebo | Chronic heart failure patients | 420 | Not named, 300 mg | 104 weeks |
| Farazi 2014RCT, placebo | Hospitalized elderly pneumonia patients | 150 | Not named, 200 mg | 2 weeks |
| Carrasco 2014RCT, placebo | Renal lithiasis patients undergoing ESWL | 100 | Not named, 200 mg | 2 weeks |
| Akbari Fakhrabadi 2014RCT, placebo | Type 2 diabetes with neuropathy | 70 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Pourmoghaddas 2014RCT, placebo | Congestive heart failure patients | 62 | Not named, 200 mg | 17 weeks |
| Cakiroglu 2014Single-arm or open-label | Subfertile men with astheno-teratozoospermia | 62 | Ubiquinol, 200 mg | 26 weeks |
| Nadjarzadeh 2014RCT, placebo | Infertile men with idiopathic OAT | 60 | Not named, 200 mg | 13 weeks |
| Onur 2014Single-arm or open-label | Healthy men | 53 | Ubiquinol, 150 mg | 2 weeks |
| Mohseni 2014RCT, placebo | Hyperlipidemic myocardial infarction patients | 52 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Skarlovnik 2014RCT, placebo | Statin users with muscle pain | 50 | Not named, 100 mg | 4 weeks |
| Zahedi 2014RCT, placebo | Type 2 diabetes patients | 50 | Not named, 150 mg | 12 weeks |
| Golomb 2014RCT, placebo | Gulf War veterans with chronic symptoms | 46 | PharmaNord CoQ10, 100 mg | 15 weeks |
| Farhangi 2014RCT, placebo | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients | 44 | Not named, 100 mg | 4 weeks |
| Bentov 2014RCT, placebo | IVF-ICSI patients aged 35-43 | 39 | Not named, 600 mg | – |
| Festa 2014Single-arm or open-label | Infertile men with varicocele | 38 | Not named, 100 mg | 13 weeks |
| Holloway 2014RCT, active or other control | Trekkers to Everest Base Camp | 23 | Not named, 300 mg | 2 weeks |
| Sale 2014RCT, active or other control | Chronic periodontitis patients | 18 | Perio Q gelOn the skin | 4 weeks |
| Seet 2014Single-arm or open-label | Early Parkinson disease patients | 16 | Not named, 2,400 mg | 8 weeks |
| Sharp 2014Single-arm or open-label | Pulmonary arterial hypertension patients and controls | 15 | Not named | 12 weeks |
| Langsjoen 2014Pharmacokinetic | Healthy volunteers | 12 | Not named, 200 mg | 4 weeks |
| Blumkin 2014Other | Two sisters with ADCK3 cerebellar ataxia | 2 | Not named | – |
| Cordero 2014RCT, placebo | Fibromyalgia patients (plus cell and mouse work) | – | Not named | – |
| Alcocer-Gómez 2014RCT, placebo | Fibromyalgia patients | – | Not named | – |
| Brauner 2014Single-arm or open-label | Type 1 and 2 diabetes patients | – | Not named | 12 weeks |
| Safarinejad 2013RCT, placebo | Healthy men with normal PSA | 504 | Not named, 400 mg | 12 weeks |
| Lesser 2013RCT, placebo | Women with newly diagnosed breast cancer | 236 | Not named, 300 mg | 24 weeks |
| Alf 2013RCT, placebo | Elite trained athletes | 100 | Ubiquinol, 300 mg | 6 weeks |
| Kolahdouz Mohammadi 2013RCT, placebo | Type 2 diabetes patients | 64 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Lee 2013RCT, placebo | Coronary artery disease patients on statins | 51 | Not named, 300 mg | 12 weeks |
| Cordero 2013Single-arm or open-label | Women with fibromyalgia and healthy controls | 50 | Not named | – |
| Petrofsky 2013RCT, placebo | Healthy young Caucasians and Asians | 50 | Not named | 2 weeks |
| Sanoobar 2013RCT, placebo | Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients | 48 | Not named, 500 mg | 12 weeks |
| DZugkoev 2013Non-randomised controlled | Type 1 diabetes with vascular complications | 39 | Not named | – |
| Turk 2013Crossover, placebo | Maintenance hemodialysis patients | 28 | Not named, 200 mg | 8 weeks |
| Yubero-Serrano 2013RCT, active or other control | Elderly men and women | 20 | Not named | 4 weeks |
| Cordero 2013RCT, placebo | Fibromyalgia patients | 20 | Not named, 300 mg | 6 weeks |
| Miyamae 2013Single-arm or open-label | Juvenile fibromyalgia patients | 10 | Ubiquinol-10 | – |
| Schallreuter 2013Other | Susceptible individuals with facial vitiligo | – | Not namedOn the skin | – |
| Kuimov 2013RCT, active or other control | Stable angina patients | – | Not named, 60 mg | 8 weeks |
| Thakur 2013Non-randomised controlled | Sickle cell patients and controls | – | Not named, 200 mg | – |
| Safarinejad 2012Single-arm or open-label | Infertile men with idiopathic OAT | 287 | Not named, 600 mg | 52 weeks |
| Galasko 2012RCT, placebo | Mild to moderate Alzheimer disease | 78 | Not named, 1,200 mg | 16 weeks |
| Bookstaver 2012RCT, placebo | Patients with statin-induced myalgias | 76 | Not named, 120 mg | 13 weeks |
| Lee 2012RCT, placebo | Coronary artery disease patients | 51 | Not named, 150 mg | 12 weeks |
| Lee 2012RCT, placebo | Coronary artery disease patients | 51 | Not named, 150 mg | 12 weeks |
| Hernández-Ojeda 2012RCT, placebo | Type 2 diabetes with polyneuropathy | 49 | Not named, 400 mg | 12 weeks |
| Young 2012Crossover, placebo | Healthy males | 36 | SterolQ10, 100 mg | 4 weeks |
| Young 2012Crossover, placebo | Hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome | 30 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Dzugkoev 2012Non-randomised controlled | Type 1 diabetes with nephropathy | 30 | Not named | – |
| Chatterjee 2012RCT, active or other control | Adults with plaque-induced gingivitis | 30 | Not namedOn the skin | 4 weeks |
| Zlatohlavek 2012Single-arm or open-label | Patients with statin myopathy | 28 | Not named | 26 weeks |
| Ostman 2012RCT, placebo | Moderately trained healthy men | 23 | Not named, 90 mg | 8 weeks |
| Gutierrez-Mariscal 2012RCT, active or other control | Elderly men and women | 20 | Not named | 4 weeks |
| Yubero-Serrano 2012RCT, active or other control | Elderly men and women | 20 | Not named | 4 weeks |
| Cordero 2012Single-arm or open-label | Fibromyalgia patients | 20 | Not named | 6 weeks |
| Deichmann 2012Crossover, placebo | Older athletes taking statins | 20 | Not named, 200 mg | 6 weeks |
| Biglan 2012Single-arm or open-label | Huntington disease patients and controls | 20 | Not named | – |
| Forester 2012Non-randomised controlled | Older adults with bipolar depression and controls | 18 | Not named, 1,200 mg | 8 weeks |
| Bloomer 2012Crossover, placebo | Exercise-trained adults | 15 | Kaneka QH ubiquinol, 300 mg | 4 weeks |
| Mezawa 2012Single-arm or open-label | Type 2 diabetes patients and healthy volunteers | 14 | Ubiquinol, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Brugè 2012Single-arm or open-label | Healthy volunteers | 12 | Not named, 40 mg | 6 weeks |
| Hans 2012RCT, active or other control | Chronic periodontitis patients | 12 | Perio-Q gelOn the skin | 6 weeks |
| Tiano 2012Single-arm or open-label | Down syndrome patients | – | Not named | – |
| Díaz-Castro 2012Non-randomised controlled | Ultra-endurance runners | – | Not named | – |
| Fischer 2012Single-arm or open-label | Human volunteers | – | Ubiquinol, 150 mg | 2 weeks |
| Mikhin 2012RCT, active or other control | Chronic ischemic heart disease patients | – | Not named | – |
| Tang 2011RCT, active or other control | Men with idiopathic oligoasthenospermia | 183 | Not named | 26 weeks |
| Slater 2011Crossover, placebo | Children and adolescents with migraine | 120 | Not named, 100 mg | 32 weeks |
| Shilov 2011Single-arm or open-label | Patients with chronic heart failure | 76 | Qudesan | – |
| Ryo 2011Non-randomised controlled | Patients with dry mouth | 66 | ubiquinol and ubiquinone, 100 mg | 4 weeks |
| Guastini 2011RCT, placebo | Patients with presbycusis | 60 | Q-TER | 4 weeks |
| Dai 2011RCT, placebo | Ischaemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction patients | 56 | Not named, 300 mg | 8 weeks |
| Fischer 2011Single-arm or open-label | Healthy male volunteers | 54 | Ubiquinol, 150 mg | 2 weeks |
| Schmelzer 2011Single-arm or open-label | Healthy men | 53 | Ubiquinol, 150 mg | 2 weeks |
| Shojaei 2011RCT, placebo | Hemodialysis patients on statins | 52 | Not named | 13 weeks |
| Lee 2011RCT, placebo | Overweight or obese adults | 51 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Nadjarzadeh 2011RCT, placebo | Infertile men with idiopathic OAT | 47 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Yubero-Serrano 2011RCT, active or other control | Elderly men and women | 20 | Not named | 4 weeks |
| Spurney 2011Single-arm or open-label | Boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy on steroids | 16 | Not named | – |
| Gül 2011Crossover, placebo | Healthy sedentary men | 15 | Not named, 100 mg | 8 weeks |
| Cordero 2011Single-arm or open-label | Fibromyalgia patients | 5 | Not named, 300 mg | 39 weeks |
| Tiano 2011RCT, placebo | Down syndrome patients | – | Not named | – |
| Mikhin 2011RCT, active or other control | Essential hypertension patients | – | Not named | – |
| Rastogi 2011Other | Healthy adults, hand skin | – | Not namedOn the skin | – |
| Safarinejad 2010RCT, placebo | Men with early chronic Peyronie disease | 186 | Not named, 300 mg | 24 weeks |
| Ahn 2010Non-randomised controlled | Patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss | 120 | Not named | 2 weeks |
| Salami 2010RCT, placebo | Patients with presbycusis | 60 | Q-TER, 160 mg | 4 weeks |
| Glover 2010Crossover, placebo | Patients with mitochondrial cytopathy | 30 | Not named, 1,200 mg | 9 weeks |
| Hyson 2010Single-arm or open-label | Huntington disease patients and healthy subjects | 28 | Not named, 3,600 mg | 20 weeks |
| Kędziora-Kornatowska 2010Single-arm or open-label | Elderly hypertensive patients | 27 | Not named, 120 mg | 12 weeks |
| Evans 2010Crossover, placebo | Healthy volunteers | 21 | CoQ10-P5P-PC, 30 mg | – |
| Gökbel 2010Crossover, placebo | Healthy sedentary men | 15 | Not named, 100 mg | 8 weeks |
| Gökbel 2010Crossover, placebo | Healthy sedentary men | 14 | Not named, 100 mg | 8 weeks |
| Pineda 2010Single-arm or open-label | Patients with ataxia | 14 | Not named | 104 weeks |
| Fato 2010Pharmacokinetic | Patients undergoing vitrectomy | – | Not named | – |
| Shcherbakova 2010Non-randomised controlled | Women with hypertension and raised CV risk | – | Not named | – |
| Teran 2009RCT, placebo | Pregnant women at risk of pre-eclampsia | 235 | Not named, 200 mg | 20 weeks |
| Kaufmann 2009RCT, placebo | ALS patients | 185 | Not named, 2,700 mg | 39 weeks |
| Mori 2009RCT, placebo | Non-diabetic chronic kidney disease stages 3-4 | 85 | Not named, 200 mg | 8 weeks |
| Balercia 2009RCT, placebo | Infertile men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia | 60 | Not named, 200 mg | 26 weeks |
| Kocharian 2009RCT, placebo | Children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy | 38 | Not named | 26 weeks |
| Hamilton 2009Crossover, placebo | Statin-treated type 2 diabetes with endothelial dysfunction | 23 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Liu 2009Pharmacokinetic | Healthy adults | 20 | VESIsorb colloidal-Q10 (CoQsource), 120 mg | – |
| Fetoni 2009RCT, placebo | Healthy volunteers exposed to noise | 20 | Q-Ter (CoQ10 terclatrate), 200 mg | 1 weeks |
| Kang 2009Pharmacokinetic | Healthy Korean volunteers | – | Two commercial ubidecarenone capsules, 100 mg | – |
| Adarsh 2008Non-randomised controlled | Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients | 87 | Not named, 200 mg | – |
| Chew 2008RCT, placebo | Type 2 diabetes with diastolic dysfunction | 74 | Not named, 200 mg | 26 weeks |
| Nukui 2008RCT, placebo | Healthy volunteers | 46 | PureSorb-Q40 | – |
| Cooke 2008RCT, placebo | Trained and untrained adults | 41 | Fast-melt CoQ10, 200 mg | 2 weeks |
| Keith 2008RCT, placebo | Patients with LV dysfunction undergoing CABG | 40 | Not named, 150 mg | 4 weeks |
| Sakata 2008Single-arm or open-label | Haemodialysis patients | 36 | Not named | 26 weeks |
| Makhija 2008RCT, active or other control | Patients undergoing CABG surgery | 30 | Not named, 165 mg | 1 weeks |
| Eiholzer 2008Non-randomised controlled | Young children with Prader-Willi syndrome | 26 | Not named | 52 weeks |
| Morré 2008Non-randomised controlled | Healthy women aged 45-55 | 25 | Not named, 180 mg | 4 weeks |
| Stamelou 2008RCT, placebo | Progressive supranuclear palsy patients | 21 | Liquid nanodispersion CoQ10 | 6 weeks |
| Kon 2008RCT, placebo | Elite male kendo athletes | 18 | Not named, 300 mg | 3 weeks |
| Mizuno 2008Crossover, placebo | Healthy volunteers | 17 | Not named, 300 mg | 1 weeks |
| Skough 2008RCT, placebo | Post-polio syndrome patients doing resistance training | 14 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Zheng 2008RCT, placebo | Healthy young men | 11 | Not named | – |
| Langsjoen 2008Single-arm or open-label | Advanced heart failure patients | 7 | Ubiquinol, 580 mg | – |
| Lim 2008RCT, placebo | Type 2 diabetes patients | – | Not named | – |
| Montini 2008Other | Primary CoQ10 deficiency case | – | Not named | – |
| Zmitek 2008Pharmacokinetic | Healthy volunteers | – | Q10Vital (beta-cyclodextrin complex) | – |
| Sachdanandam 2008Other | Breast cancer patients on tamoxifen | – | Not named, 100 mg | – |
| Morré 2008Single-arm or open-label | Older adults | – | Not named, 60 mg | 4 weeks |
| Hershey 2007Single-arm or open-label | Children and adolescents with frequent headache | 1,550 | Liquid gel capsule CoQ10 | 14 weeks |
| Storch 2007RCT, placebo | Mid-stage Parkinson's disease patients | 131 | Nanoparticular CoQ10, 300 mg | 13 weeks |
| Mabuchi 2007RCT, placebo | Hypercholesterolemic patients on atorvastatin | 49 | Not named, 100 mg | 16 weeks |
| Nuku 2007RCT, placebo | Healthy volunteers | 46 | PureSorb-Q40, 900 mg | 4 weeks |
| Young 2007RCT, placebo | Patients with prior statin-related myalgia | 44 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Tiano 2007RCT, placebo | Coronary artery disease patients | 38 | Not named, 300 mg | 4 weeks |
| Caso 2007RCT, active or other control | Statin users with muscle pain | 32 | Not named, 100 mg | 4 weeks |
| Galili 2007Single-arm or open-label | Myelodysplastic syndrome patients | 29 | Not named | – |
| Shah 2007Crossover, placebo | Healthy volunteers | 26 | Not named, 50 mg | – |
| Khan 2007Single-arm or open-label | Chronic tinnitus patients | 20 | Not named | 16 weeks |
| Liao 2007RCT, placebo | Adolescent swimming athletes | 18 | Not named, 100 mg | 4 weeks |
| Miles 2007Single-arm or open-label | Children with trisomy 21 | 14 | Ubiquinol-10 | 13 weeks |
| Salles 2007Single-arm or open-label | Carriers of mitochondrial A3243G mutation | 8 | Not named | 13 weeks |
| Molyneux 2007Pharmacokinetic | Young healthy men | 8 | Q-Gel | – |
| Hosoe 2007Pharmacokinetic | Healthy volunteers | – | Kaneka QH (ubiquinol), 300 mg | 4 weeks |
| NINDS NET-PD Investigators 2007RCT, placebo | Early untreated Parkinson's disease | – | Not named | 52 weeks |
| Niklowitz 2007Single-arm or open-label | Healthy volunteers | – | Not named | 4 weeks |
| Ochiai 2007Pharmacokinetic | Unclear | – | CoQ10 emulsion | – |
| Constantinescu 2007Pharmacokinetic | Healthy volunteers | – | Not named | – |
| Ikematsu 2006RCT, placebo | Healthy adult volunteers | 88 | Kaneka Q10 | 4 weeks |
| Schulz 2006Pharmacokinetic | Healthy volunteers | 54 | Solu Q10, 60 mg | 2 weeks |
| Chapidze G E 2006Non-randomised controlled | Coronary atherosclerosis outpatients | 44 | Not named, 90 mg | 12 weeks |
| Belardinelli 2006Crossover, placebo | Chronic heart failure patients | 23 | Not named, 300 mg | 4 weeks |
| Miles 2006RCT, active or other control | Children with Down syndrome | – | LiQ-NOL | 13 weeks |
| Singh 2005RCT, placebo | Healthy men | 60 | Myoqinon | 3 weeks |
| Langsjoen 2005Single-arm or open-label | Patients with statin adverse effects | 50 | Not named, 240 mg | 95 weeks |
| Sándor 2005RCT, placebo | Migraine patients | 42 | Not named, 300 mg | 13 weeks |
| Chapidze 2005Non-randomised controlled | Coronary atherosclerosis outpatients | 42 | Not named, 60 mg | 8 weeks |
| Ferrante 2005Single-arm or open-label | ALS patients | 31 | Not named, 3,000 mg | 35 weeks |
| Cicero 2005Single-arm or open-label | Patients with massive hypertriglyceridemia and controls | 30 | Not named, 150 mg | 42 weeks |
| Cicero 2005Single-arm or open-label | Massive hypertriglyceridemia patients and controls | 30 | Not named, 150 mg | 6 weeks |
| Kuettner 2005RCT, active or other control | Men with endothelial dysfunction | 25 | Not named | – |
| Belardinelli 2005Crossover, placebo | Chronic heart failure patients | 21 | Not named, 300 mg | 4 weeks |
| Sekine 2005Pharmacokinetic | Healthy volunteers | 20 | Not named, 150 mg | 2 weeks |
| Soongswang 2005Single-arm or open-label | Children with dilated cardiomyopathy | 15 | Not named | 39 weeks |
| Ullmann 2005Pharmacokinetic | Healthy young men | 12 | all-Q, Q-Gel, Q-SorB | – |
| Zhou 2005Crossover, placebo | Healthy active men | 6 | Not named, 150 mg | 4 weeks |
| Angeli 2005Non-randomised controlled | Patients with 7445A>G mitochondrial hearing loss | 3 | Not named, 150 mg | 52 weeks |
| Kalpravidh 2005Single-arm or open-label | Beta-thalassemia/HbE patients | – | Not named, 100 mg | 26 weeks |
| Damian 2004RCT, placebo | Cardiac arrest survivors undergoing hypothermia | 49 | Not named, 600 mg | 1 weeks |
| Berman 2004RCT, placebo | End-stage heart failure patients awaiting transplant | 32 | Ultrasome-CoQ10, 60 mg | 13 weeks |
| Rabing Christensen 2004RCT, placebo | HIV patients with lipodystrophy or neuropathy | 25 | Not named, 200 mg | 13 weeks |
| Długosz 2004Single-arm or open-label | Renal transplant recipients | 11 | Not named, 90 mg | 4 weeks |
| Migliore 2004Single-arm or open-label | Adults with mitochondrial disease | 10 | Not named | 2 weeks |
| Balercia 2004Single-arm or open-label | Infertile men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia | – | Not named | 26 weeks |
| Silver 2004Single-arm or open-label | Statin-treated patients with diastolic dysfunction | – | Not named | – |
| Singh 2003RCT, active or other control | Patients after acute myocardial infarction | 144 | Not named, 120 mg | 52 weeks |
| Zita 2003RCT, placebo | Healthy men | 99 | Not named, 100 mg | 9 weeks |
| Playford 2003RCT, placebo | Dyslipidaemic type 2 diabetics | 80 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Keogh 2003RCT, placebo | Class II-III systolic heart failure | 39 | Not named, 150 mg | 13 weeks |
| Müller 2003RCT, placebo | Parkinson disease patients | 28 | Not named, 360 mg | 4 weeks |
| Joshi 2003Pharmacokinetic | Healthy men | 24 | Not named, 60 mg | – |
| Engelsen 2003Crossover, placebo | Patients on long-term warfarin | 24 | Not named, 100 mg | 4 weeks |
| Lu 2003Pharmacokinetic | Healthy young Asian men | 20 | Not named, 50 mg | 2 weeks |
| Naini 2003Single-arm or open-label | Cerebellar ataxia with primary CoQ10 deficiency | 19 | Not named | – |
| Hanisch 2003Single-arm or open-label | Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia patients | 17 | Not named | 52 weeks |
| Kurowska 2003Pharmacokinetic | Healthy adults | 11 | BT-CoQ10 BIO-TRANSFORMED, 300 mg | 1 weeks |
| Shults 2002RCT, placebo | Early Parkinson disease patients | 80 | Not named, 1,200 mg | 69 weeks |
| Hodgson 2002RCT, placebo | Type 2 diabetics with dyslipidaemia | 74 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Watts 2002RCT, placebo | Type 2 diabetes with dyslipidaemia | 40 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Rozen 2002Single-arm or open-label | Episodic migraine patients | 32 | Not named, 150 mg | 13 weeks |
| Turunen 2002Single-arm or open-label | Healthy adults aged 52-68 | 10 | Not named, 200 mg | 10 weeks |
| Niklowitz 2002Pharmacokinetic | Healthy volunteers and sickle cell anemia patients | 10 | Not named | 2 weeks |
| Rosenfeldt 2002RCT, placebo | Elderly patients having elective cardiac surgery | – | Not named | 2 weeks |
| Linnane 2002RCT, placebo | Aged hip replacement surgery patients | – | Not named, 300 mg | 4 weeks |
| Huntington Study Group 2001RCT, placebo | Early Huntington disease patients | 347 | Not named, 600 mg | 130 weeks |
| Burke 2001RCT, placebo | Adults with isolated systolic hypertension | 83 | Not named, 120 mg | 12 weeks |
| Sunesen 2001Pharmacokinetic | Healthy young adults | 18 | Not named, 100 mg | 1 weeks |
| Lyon 2001Crossover, placebo | Healthy adults | 12 | Not named, 300 mg | 1 weeks |
| Musumeci 2001Single-arm or open-label | Cerebellar ataxia with muscle CoQ10 deficiency | 6 | Not named | – |
| Di Giovanni 2001Single-arm or open-label | Two brothers with CoQ10 deficiency myopathy | 2 | Not named | 35 weeks |
| Tomasetti 2001Other | Humans supplemented with CoQ10 | – | Not named | – |
| Khatta 2000RCT, placebo | Heart failure patients NYHA III-IV | 55 | Not named, 200 mg | – |
| Kaikkonen 2000RCT, placebo | Mildly hypercholesterolemic adults on statins | 40 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Bonetti 2000RCT, placebo | Healthy middle-aged trained cyclists | 28 | Not named | 8 weeks |
| Raitakari 2000Crossover, placebo | Hypercholesterolemic young adults | 12 | Not named, 150 mg | 4 weeks |
| Rötig 2000Single-arm or open-label | Two siblings with CoQ10 deficiency | 2 | Ubidecarenone | 156 weeks |
| Lankin 2000Non-randomised controlled | Myocardial ischemia patients on pravastatin | – | Not named | – |
| Naccarati 2000Non-randomised controlled | Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy patients and controls | – | Not named | – |
| Barbieri 1999RCT, placebo | Healthy volunteers vaccinated for hepatitis B | 63 | Not named | 13 weeks |
| Singh 1999RCT, active or other control | Hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease | 59 | Not named, 120 mg | 8 weeks |
| Singh 1999RCT, placebo | Coronary artery disease patients | 47 | Q-Gel, 120 mg | 4 weeks |
| Henriksen 1999RCT, placebo | Type 1 diabetes patients | 34 | Not named, 100 mg | 13 weeks |
| Watson 1999Crossover, placebo | Chronic heart failure patients | 30 | Not named | 13 weeks |
| Eriksson 1999RCT, placebo | Type 2 diabetes patients | 23 | Not named, 200 mg | – |
| Munkholm 1999RCT, placebo | Severe heart failure patients | 22 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Barbiroli 1999Single-arm or open-label | Mitochondrial cytopathy patients | 19 | Not named | – |
| Svensson 1999RCT, placebo | Young healthy men in high-intensity training | 17 | Not named, 120 mg | 3 weeks |
| Barbiroli 1999Single-arm or open-label | Mitochondrial cytopathy patients | 10 | Not named, 150 mg | 26 weeks |
| Abe 1999Single-arm or open-label | Two MELAS patients | 2 | Not named | – |
| Blatt 1999Other | Aging skin, topical CoQ10 | – | Not namedOn the skin | – |
| Kogan 1999Non-randomised controlled | Stable angina patients | – | Not named | – |
| Semigolovskiĭ 1998Non-randomised controlled | Acute myocardial infarction patients | 620 | Not named | – |
| Singh 1998RCT, placebo | Acute myocardial infarction patients | 144 | Not named, 120 mg | 4 weeks |
| Suzuki 1998Single-arm or open-label | MIDD patients and mtDNA 3243 mutation carriers | 50 | Not named, 150 mg | 156 weeks |
| Długosz 1998Single-arm or open-label | Paint and lacquer industry workers | 24 | Not named | 4 weeks |
| Wahlqvist 1998Pharmacokinetic | Healthy adults | 23 | Ensorb, 100 mg | – |
| Tanaka 1998Single-arm or open-label | Xeroderma pigmentosum patients with low CoQ | 19 | Not named | – |
| Palomäki 1998Crossover, placebo | Men with CHD on lovastatin | 19 | Not named, 180 mg | 6 weeks |
| Shults 1998Single-arm or open-label | Parkinson's disease patients | 15 | Not named | 4 weeks |
| Chan 1998Single-arm or open-label | Mitochondrial myopathy patients | 9 | Not named | – |
| Chan 1998Single-arm or open-label | Mitochondrial myopathy patients | 9 | Not named | 26 weeks |
| Costeff 1998Crossover, placebo | 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 3 patients | 6 | Not named | – |
| Chopra 1998Pharmacokinetic | Healthy adults | – | Q-Gel, 120 mg | 4 weeks |
| Syrkin 1998Non-randomised controlled | Ischemic heart disease patients | – | Not named | – |
| Priemé 1997RCT, placebo | Male smokers | 142 | Not named, 90 mg | 9 weeks |
| Aejmelaeus 1997Other | Healthy volunteers, some supplemented | 70 | Not named, 100 mg | – |
| Oda 1997Non-randomised controlled | Children with load-induced cardiac dysfunction | 64 | Not named | – |
| Kaikkonen 1997RCT, placebo | Healthy middle-aged male smokers | 60 | Not named, 90 mg | 9 weeks |
| Ylikoski 1997Crossover, placebo | Top-level cross-country skiers | 25 | Bio-Qinon, 90 mg | – |
| Koroshetz 1997Single-arm or open-label | Huntington's disease patients | 18 | Not named | – |
| Weston 1997RCT, placebo | Male endurance cyclists and triathletes | 18 | Not named | 4 weeks |
| Malm 1997Non-randomised controlled | Healthy active men in training | 18 | Not named | 3 weeks |
| Sacher 1997Single-arm or open-label | Congestive cardiomyopathy patients | 17 | Not named | 17 weeks |
| Lewin 1997Single-arm or open-label | Men with low fertilization after ICSI | 17 | Not named, 60 mg | 15 weeks |
| Kim 1997Single-arm or open-label | Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy patients | 15 | Not named, 30 mg | 5 weeks |
| Serebruany 1997Single-arm or open-label | Human volunteers | 15 | Not named, 200 mg | 3 weeks |
| Strijks 1997Single-arm or open-label | Parkinson's disease patients | 10 | Not named, 200 mg | 13 weeks |
| Chen 1997Crossover, placebo | Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy patients | 8 | Not named | – |
| Langsjoen 1997Single-arm or open-label | Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients | 7 | Not named, 200 mg | 12 weeks |
| Mizuno 1997Single-arm or open-label | Post-polio and healthy adults | 7 | Not named, 100 mg | 26 weeks |
| Barbiroli 1997Single-arm or open-label | Mitochondrial cytopathy patients | 6 | Not named | 26 weeks |
| Serebruany 1997Single-arm or open-label | Healthy volunteers | – | Not named, 200 mg | 3 weeks |
| Alleva 1997Other | Healthy subjects, LDL oxidation | – | Not named | – |
| Weber 1997Pharmacokinetic | Healthy adults | – | Not named, 30 mg | – |
| Sinatra 1997Other | Refractory heart failure patient | – | Not named | – |
| Andersen 1997RCT, placebo | Type 1 diabetes patients | – | Not named | – |
| Sinatra 1997Other | Congestive heart failure patients | – | Not named | – |
| Ma 1996Non-randomised controlled | Dilated cardiomyopathy patients | 61 | Not named | 12 weeks |
| Chello 1996RCT, placebo | Vascular surgery patients | 30 | Not named, 150 mg | 1 weeks |
| Taggart 1996RCT, placebo | Coronary bypass surgery patients | 20 | Not named, 600 mg | – |
| Nishimura 1996Single-arm or open-label | Dilated cardiomyopathy patients | 15 | Not named | – |
| Feigin 1996Single-arm or open-label | Huntington's disease patients | 10 | Not named | 26 weeks |
| Gold 1996Single-arm or open-label | Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy patients | 8 | Not named, 150 mg | 26 weeks |
| Malm 1996Other | Exercising adults | – | Not named | – |
| Thomas 1996Other | Healthy adults and one vitamin E-deficient patient | – | Not named, 100 mg | 1 weeks |
| Hofman-Bang 1995Crossover, placebo | Chronic heart failure patients | 79 | Not named, 100 mg | 13 weeks |
| Folkers 1995Crossover, placebo | Muscular dystrophy and neurogenic atrophy patients | 27 | Not named, 100 mg | 13 weeks |
| Laaksonen 1995Crossover, placebo | Trained young and older men | 19 | Not named, 120 mg | 6 weeks |
| Peterson 1995Single-arm or open-label | Mitochondrial disease patients | 16 | Not named | – |
| Porter 1995Non-randomised controlled | Middle-aged untrained men | 15 | Not named, 150 mg | 9 weeks |
| Nakamura 1995Single-arm or open-label | Kearns-Sayre syndrome patients | 8 | Not named | – |
| Neri Stagnaro 1995Single-arm or open-label | Primary osteoporosis patients | 5 | Not named | – |
| Lockwood 1995Single-arm or open-label | Breast cancer patients | 3 | Not named, 390 mg | – |
| Alleva 1995Other | Healthy donors | – | Not named | – |
| Baggio 1994Single-arm or open-label | Heart failure patients NYHA II-III | 2,664 | Not named, 100 mg | 13 weeks |
| Langsjoen 1994Single-arm or open-label | Cardiovascular disease patients | 424 | Not named, 242 mg | 77 weeks |
| Langsjoen 1994Single-arm or open-label | Essential hypertension patients on drugs | 109 | Not named, 225 mg | – |
| Chello 1994RCT, active or other control | Coronary bypass surgery patients | 40 | Not named, 150 mg | 1 weeks |
| Bargossi 1994Non-randomised controlled | Hypercholesterolemic outpatients on simvastatin | 34 | Not named, 100 mg | 26 weeks |
| Oda 1994Non-randomised controlled | Children with load-induced cardiac dysfunction | 30 | Not named | – |
| Bargossi 1994RCT, active or other control | Adults with hypercholesterolemia on simvastatin | 30 | Not named, 100 mg | 13 weeks |
| Digiesi 1994Single-arm or open-label | Essential hypertension patients | 26 | Not named, 100 mg | 10 weeks |
| Weber 1994Other | Healthy volunteers | 22 | Not named | – |
| Weber 1994Other | Healthy young adults | 22 | Not named, 90 mg | – |
| Chen 1994RCT, active or other control | Cardiac surgery patients | 22 | Not named | – |
| Folkers 1994Pharmacokinetic | Healthy adults | 21 | Not named, 90 mg | 39 weeks |
| Iarussi 1994Non-randomised controlled | Children with leukemia or lymphoma on anthracyclines | 20 | Not named | – |
| Hanioka 1994RCT, placebo | Adult periodontitis patients | 10 | Not namedOn the skin | 9 weeks |
| Weis 1994Pharmacokinetic | Healthy volunteers | 10 | Bioquinon, 100 mg | – |
| Morisco 1994Crossover, placebo | Chronic heart failure patients | 6 | Not named | – |
| Lodi 1994Single-arm or open-label | Patients with retinitis pigmentosa | 3 | Not named, 100 mg | – |
| Baggio 1993Single-arm or open-label | Heart failure patients NYHA II-III | 2,500 | Not named, 100 mg | 13 weeks |
| Lampertico 1993Single-arm or open-label | Chronic heart failure outpatients NYHA II-III | 1,715 | Not named, 50 mg | 4 weeks |
| Morisco 1993RCT, placebo | Chronic heart failure patients NYHA III-IV | 641 | Not named | 52 weeks |
| Oda 1993Non-randomised controlled | Children with load-induced contractility depression | 120 | Not named | – |
| Langsjoen 1993Single-arm or open-label | Diastolic dysfunction patients | 115 | Not named | – |
| Judy 1993RCT, placebo | High-risk heart surgery patients | 20 | Not named, 100 mg | 6 weeks |
| Fujimoto 1993Single-arm or open-label | COPD patients | 8 | Not named, 90 mg | 8 weeks |
| Rengo 1993RCT, active or other control | Heart failure patients | – | Not named, 100 mg | 30 weeks |
| Folkers 1993Non-randomised controlled | Human subjects, three groups | – | Not named | – |
| Davini 1992Non-randomised controlled | Patients with altered myocardial contractility | 63 | Not named | 17 weeks |
| Permanetter 1992Crossover, placebo | Patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy | 25 | Not named, 100 mg | 17 weeks |
| Folkers 1992Single-arm or open-label | Heart failure patients awaiting transplant | 11 | Not named | – |
| Bendahan 1992Single-arm or open-label | Two patients with mitochondrial myopathy | 2 | Not named, 150 mg | 43 weeks |
| Disdier 1992Single-arm or open-label | Woman with mitochondrial myopathy | 1 | Not named | – |
| Calatayud 1992Single-arm or open-label | Kearns-Sayre syndrome patient | 1 | Not named, 150 mg | 156 weeks |
| Mohr 1992Pharmacokinetic | Healthy volunteers | – | Not named, 300 mg | 2 weeks |
| Sunamori 1991Non-randomised controlled | Patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery | 78 | Not named | – |
| Scarlato 1991Single-arm or open-label | Patients with mitochondrial myopathies | 44 | Ubidecarenone | 26 weeks |
| Satta 1991RCT, active or other control | Patients with COPD in exercise training | 20 | Ubidecarenone, 50 mg | – |
| Folkers 1991Single-arm or open-label | Ordinary subjects and ARC patients | 14 | Not named | – |
| Braun 1991RCT, placebo | Trained male cyclists | 10 | Not named, 100 mg | 8 weeks |
| Lii 1991Single-arm or open-label | Boy with MERRF | 1 | Not named, 90 mg | – |
| Abe 1991Single-arm or open-label | MELAS patient | 1 | Not named | – |
| Langsjoen 1990Single-arm or open-label | Patients with chronic cardiomyopathy | 143 | Not named, 100 mg | 312 weeks |
| Langsjoen 1990Single-arm or open-label | Patients with cardiomyopathy | 137 | Not named | – |
| Bresolin 1990Single-arm or open-label | Patients with mitochondrial myopathies | 44 | Ubidecarenone | 26 weeks |
| Manzoli 1990Single-arm or open-label | Dilated cardiomyopathy patients | 30 | Not named, 100 mg | 9 weeks |
| Kato 1990Single-arm or open-label | Ischemic heart disease patients | 12 | Not named, 60 mg | 9 weeks |
| Jiang 1990Single-arm or open-label | Mitochondrial myopathy patients treated with CoQ10 | 3 | Not named | – |
| Zierz 1990Single-arm or open-label | Mitochondrial myopathy patients | 2 | Not named | 52 weeks |
| Jinnai 1990Single-arm or open-label | Man with mitochondrial myopathy | 1 | Not named | – |
| Ohno 1990Single-arm or open-label | Boy with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy | 1 | Not named | – |
| Langsjoen 1990Other | Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy patients | – | Not named | – |
| Permanetter 1989Crossover, placebo | Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy | 25 | Not named, 100 mg | 17 weeks |
| Takahashi 1989Single-arm or open-label | Glaucoma patients on timolol | 16 | Not named, 90 mg | 6 weeks |
| Topi 1989Single-arm or open-label | Heart failure patients | 11 | Ubidecarenone, 60 mg | 35 weeks |
| Desnuelle 1989Other | Kearns-Sayre syndrome patients case report | 2 | Not named | – |
| Nishikawa 1989Other | Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy patient | 1 | Not named | 104 weeks |
| Yamanaka 1989Other | Adolescent with neuropathy case report | 1 | Not named, 120 mg | 69 weeks |
| Okamoto 1989Pharmacokinetic | Healthy Japanese subjects | – | Not named, 60 mg | 1 weeks |
| Langsjoen 1988Single-arm or open-label | Patients with cardiomyopathy | 115 | Not named | – |
| Bresolin 1988Single-arm or open-label | Mitochondrial myopathy patients | 7 | Not named, 120 mg | 52 weeks |
| Folkers 1988Single-arm or open-label | Patients with AIDS or ARC | 7 | Not named | – |
| Dragagna 1988Non-randomised controlled | Heart disease patients without decompensation | – | Not named | – |
| Nakanishi 1988Other | Dilated cardiomyopathy patients | – | Not named | – |
| Bresolin 1988Single-arm or open-label | Kearns-Sayre patients | – | Not named | – |
| Yamamoto 1987Other | MELAS patient case report | 1 | Not named, 90 mg | – |
| Cinquegrana 1987Other | Normal untrained subjects | – | Not named | – |
| Borst 1987Non-randomised controlled | Ischemic heart disease patients | – | Not named | – |
| Naito 1986Non-randomised controlled | Thyroid disorder patients and controls | 83 | Not named | – |
| Tomono 1986Pharmacokinetic | Healthy men | 16 | Not named, 100 mg | – |
| Ogasahara 1986Single-arm or open-label | Patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome | 5 | Not named, 135 mg | – |
| Corsini 1986Single-arm or open-label | Cardiopathy patients with chronic liver disease | – | Not named | – |
| Durval 1986Single-arm or open-label | Ischemic or toxic cardiopathy, urologic ward | – | Not named | – |
| Franchi 1986Single-arm or open-label | Cardiopathy patients in intensive care unit | – | Not named | – |
| Ghiringhelli 1986Non-randomised controlled | Cardiopathy patients with or without decompensation | – | Not named | – |
| Luccarelli 1986Single-arm or open-label | Toxic cardiopathy after daunorubicin therapy | – | Not named | – |
| Pagliano 1986Single-arm or open-label | Ischemic and sclerotic cardiopathy patients | – | Not named | – |
| Perna 1986Single-arm or open-label | Cardiac patients in bronchopneumology ward | – | Not named | – |
| Cogo 1986Other | Elderly cardiac patients and chemotherapy patients | – | Not named | – |
| Oda 1985Non-randomised controlled | Children with symptomatic mitral valve prolapse | 400 | Not named | – |
| Folkers 1985Single-arm or open-label | Cardiomyopathy patients | 43 | Not named | – |
| Langsjoen 1985Crossover, placebo | Chronic myocardial disease patients | 19 | Not named | – |
| Mortensen 1985Single-arm or open-label | Advanced heart failure patients | 12 | Not named, 100 mg | 30 weeks |
| Folkers 1985Crossover, placebo | Muscular dystrophy and neurogenic atrophy patients | 12 | Not named | 13 weeks |
| Kamikawa 1985Crossover, placebo | Stable angina patients | 12 | Not named, 150 mg | 4 weeks |
| Ogasahara 1985Single-arm or open-label | Patient with Kearns-Sayre syndrome | 1 | Not named, 90 mg | 13 weeks |
| Frustaci 1985Other | Dilated cardiomyopathy patients | – | Not named | – |
| Langsjoen 1985Crossover, placebo | Class III-IV cardiomyopathy patients | – | Not named | 12 weeks |
| Cascone 1985Single-arm or open-label | Congestive heart failure patients | – | Not named | – |
| D'Agnolo 1985Other | Congestive heart failure patients | – | Not named | – |
| Gini 1985Other | Chronic cor pulmonale patients | – | Not named | – |
| Mazzari 1985Pharmacokinetic | Patients, gynecologic surgery | – | Not named | – |
| Okuma 1984Non-randomised controlled | Cancer patients on adriamycin | 80 | Not named | – |
| Tsubaki 1984Non-randomised controlled | Lymphoma and cancer patients on anthracyclines | 79 | Not named | – |
| Suzuki 1984Single-arm or open-label | Hyperthyroid patients | 12 | Not named, 120 mg | 1 weeks |
| Tajima 1984Non-randomised controlled | Cancer patients on adriamycin | – | Not named | – |
| Ishikura 1984Other | Heart surgery patients | – | Not named | – |
| Oda 1984Other | Children with mitral valve prolapse | – | Not named | – |
| Cascone 1984Other | Patients with myocardial insufficiency | – | Not named | – |
| Fujioka 1983Single-arm or open-label | Patients with ventricular beats, many diabetic | 27 | Not named | – |
| Akihama 1983RCT, placebo | Leukemia or lymphoma patients on anthracyclines | 19 | Not named, 120 mg | – |
| Horino 1983Observational | Children on doxorubicin chemotherapy | – | Not named | – |
| Shiguma 1983Other | Open heart surgery patients | – | Not named | – |
| Hiasa 1983Other | Patients with stable angina | – | Not named | – |
| Tanaka 1982RCT, active or other control | Valve replacement surgery patients | 50 | Not named, 60 mg | 1 weeks |
| Takimoto 1982Non-randomised controlled | Cancer patients on FAC chemotherapy | 40 | Not named, 90 mg | – |
| Kito 1982Other | Open heart surgery patients | – | Not named | – |
| Folkers 1982Other | Patients treated with CoQ10 | – | Not named | – |
| Folkers 1981Single-arm or open-label | Hypertensive patients | 16 | Not named | – |
| Drzewoski 1981Other | Patients with hypertension | – | Not named | – |
| Cortes 1978Non-randomised controlled | Cancer patients receiving adriamycin | 10 | Not named, 50 mg | – |
| Hata 1977Other | Essential hypertension patients | – | Not named | – |
| Wilkinson 1976RCT, placebo | Patients with periodontal disease | 18 | Not named | – |
| Yamagami 1976Single-arm or open-label | Patients with essential hypertension | 5 | Not named | – |
| Wilkinson 1975Single-arm or open-label | Patients with periodontitis | 8 | Not named | – |
| Yamagami 1975Single-arm or open-label | Essential hypertension patients, four treated | – | Not named | – |
| Folkers 1974Single-arm or open-label | Infants and boys with preclinical muscular dystrophy | 2 | Not named | 80 weeks |
| Matsumura 1973Non-randomised controlled | Periodontal disease patients | – | Not named | – |
| Sövik 1971Single-arm or open-label | Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients | – | Not named | – |
| Shiratori 1970Other | Patients, blood pressure | – | Not named | – |
| Baba 1969Other | Hypoxic patients | – | Not named | – |
| Majaj 1968Other | Malnourished anemia patients | – | Not named | – |
| WEINER 1961Other | Patients on coumarin anticoagulant | – | Not named | – |
Safety
What's known about safety
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In trials
A safety review found no serious side effects in people and put the highest well-tested intake at 1,200 mg a day. In a 4-week placebo-controlled trial at 300 to 900 mg a day, side effects such as stomach upset were about as common as on placebo.
Hidaka 2008, safety review; Ikematsu 2006, placebo-controlled trial in 88 adults at 300 to 900 mg a day
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In the UK
CoQ10 isn't treated as a novel food, so it can be sold in food supplements. The catalogue has no separate entry for ubiquinol, and we found no official UK or EU upper limit.
EU Novel Food Status Catalogue (Coenzyme Q10, not novel in food); FSA novel foods authorisation guidance, Oct 2026
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Check first
CoQ10 is chemically similar to vitamin K, and a case report describes warfarin working less well while it was taken. Very few trials have given it in pregnancy, and it hasn't been studied in breastfeeding. Speak to a pharmacist or doctor first if you take a blood thinner or either applies to you.
Landbo 1998, case report; no breastfeeding studies found, Oct 2026
How we built this
Where these studies come from
We list every published study of CoQ10 in people, as ubiquinone or ubiquinol. Related compounds such as idebenone and MitoQ are left out, as are studies that only measured CoQ10 in the blood without giving it. This first version is built from each study's summary; full-paper checks come next.
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We search
PubMed, the world's main library of medical research, for every paper on L-theanine.
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We keep studies in people
Lab and animal work is counted but left out of the list, because it doesn't tell you what happens in people.
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We note the basics
Who took part, how many, how much and for how long, from each study's published summary. A second check corrects what the first read gets wrong.
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We read them in full
Results appear once we've read the whole paper and checked every number. The date at the top shows when this entry was last updated.
Download the study list
Every study in people as a spreadsheet, 675 rows, free to reuse with a link back.
Versions
Each update to the data gets a new version number, so you can tell what changed and when.
See every version
1.0 · 24 Oct 2026. First release. Every published study giving CoQ10 on its own to people is listed from its summary. None is read in full yet.
